2026

22 April 2026

In 2024, the Palliser Lecture embarked on a series focusing on how the system of global governance from 1945 onwards—always fragile and increasingly subject to challenge—could be reformulated and reinvigorated.

Today, the post-Second World War order is rapidly disintegrating. This has been brought into stark relief by the invasion of Ukraine, the Israel–Gaza war, the ‘Donroe’ doctrine and the intervention in Venezuela, as well as developments in the Middle East as a result of President Trump’s war on Iran.

Unilateralism dominates the international scene, and the UN Charter—indeed even the very concept of international law—is now viewed by powerful actors as an unnecessary constraint on national self-interest.

While there is little nostalgia for unipolarity or bipolarity in the Global South, nor for the self-serving ‘Western’ aspects of the post-war system, international collaboration based on the rule of law in a multipolar context still has strong support.

As one of the key emerging powers, Brazil is a critical player. On 22 April, H.E. Antonio de Aguiar Patriota, Brazil's former Minister of Foreign Affairs (2011–2013) and now Ambassador to the United Kingdom, deliver the Palliser Lecture on this topic.

There are several questions he explored, including:

• How can international collaboration best be sustained in the face of present disruptions?
• What might a more cooperative multipolarity look like in the longer term?
• As the costs of disruption to the world order become ever more apparent, will ‘coalitions of the responsible’ emerge?
• Can multipolarity be a pathway to a more secure future for coming generations?

This lecture was held in collaboration between Salzburg Global Social Ventures Fördverein, the 21st Century Trust, and the Aga Khan Foundation.